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ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🌄 ଶ୍ରୀ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ମହାପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ପୁଣ୍ୟଭୂମି 🌄 Land of Lord Jagannath •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple The Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World… The Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World… •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🎡 କୋଣାର୍କର ପଥର ଚକ ବିଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🎡 Konark's stone wheels are world famous •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism Odisha's coastline along the Bay of Bengal… Odisha's coastline along the Bay of Bengal… •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism 🌊 ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଭାଗା ପାହାଡ଼ ଉଦ୍ୟାନ ସୁନ୍ଦର 🌊 Chandrabhaga's sunrise is stunning •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture The Odissi dance form, one of India's classical dances, traces its roots to the temples of Odisha, with sculptures… The Odissi dance form, one of India's classical dances, traces its roots to the temples of Odisha, with sculptures… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🎭 ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଭାରତର ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରୀୟ କଳା 🎭 Odissi is India's classical dance treasure •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Pattachitra, the traditional cloth painting… Pattachitra, the traditional cloth painting… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🎨 ରଘୁରାଜପୁର ପଟଚିତ୍ର ଗାଁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🎨 Raghurajpur village is famous for Pattachitra •
ଇତିହାସHistory Kalinga War site: Emperor Ashoka embraced… Emperor Ashoka embraced peace after the… •
ଇତିହାସHistory 🕊️ କଳିଙ୍ଗ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପରେ ଅଶୋକ ଶାନ୍ତି ଆପଣାଇଲେ 🕊️ After Kalinga, Ashoka chose peace •
ଇତିହାସHistory The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar, carved for Jain monks, showcase rock-cut architecture from ancient times. 🪨 The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar, carved for Jain monks, showcase rock-cut architecture from ancient times. 🪨 •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🛕 ଲିଙ୍ଗରାଜ ମନ୍ଦିର ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱରର ଗୌରବ 🛕 Lingaraj Temple is Bhubaneswar's pride •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple Bhubaneswar is known as the 'Temple City of… Bhubaneswar is known as the 'Temple City of… •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood 🍛 ଦହି ବରା ଆଳୁ ଦମ୍ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ପ୍ରିୟ ଖାଦ୍ୟ 🍛 Dahi Bara Aloo Dum is a beloved Odia dish •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood Mahaprasad at the Puri temple, cooked in… Mahaprasad at the Puri temple, cooked in… •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood Chhena Poda, the baked cheese dessert from… Chhena Poda, the baked cheese dessert from… •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood 🍬 ଛେନା ପୋଡ଼ା ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ମିଠା ପରିଚୟ 🍬 Chhena Poda is Odisha's signature sweet •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water… Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water… •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism 🌊 ଚିଲିକା ଏସିଆର ବୃହତ୍ତମ ଲବଣାକ୍ଷ ହ୍ରଦ 🌊 Chilika is Asia's largest brackish lagoon •
ପର୍ବFestival The annual Rath Yatra of Puri, when the deities ride grand chariots through the streets, is one of the world's most… The annual Rath Yatra of Puri, when the deities ride grand chariots through the streets, is one of the world's most… •
ପର୍ବFestival Durga Puja fills Odisha with devotion and joy… Durga Puja fills Odisha with devotion and joy… •
ପର୍ବFestival 🎉 ଆସନ୍ତା କାଳ ପର୍ବର ଆନନ୍ଦ ଛାଇଛି 🎉 The festive season brings joy to Odisha •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Sambalpuri ikat sarees, handwoven with intricate tie-dye patterns, carry the heritage of western Odisha to wardrobes worldwide. 🧵 Sambalpuri ikat sarees, handwoven with intricate tie-dye patterns, carry the heritage of western Odisha to wardrobes worldwide. 🧵 •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🧵 ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ ଶାଢ଼ୀ ହସ୍ତତନ୍ତର ଗୌରବ 🧵 Sambalpuri sarees are handloom pride •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Chhau dance of Odisha, performed with masks… Chhau dance of Odisha, performed with masks… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🥁 ଛଉ ନାଚ ମୁଖା ଓ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ମୁଦ୍ରାରେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🥁 Chhau dazzles with masks and moves •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple The Jagannath Temple flag atop its towering… The Jagannath Temple flag atop its towering… •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🌄 ଶ୍ରୀ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ମହାପ୍ରଭୁଙ୍କ ପୁଣ୍ୟଭୂମି 🌄 Land of Lord Jagannath •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple The Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built in the 13th century as a grand chariot of the Sun God… The Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built in the 13th century as a grand chariot of the Sun God… •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🎡 କୋଣାର୍କର ପଥର ଚକ ବିଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🎡 Konark's stone wheels are world famous •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism Odisha's coastline along the Bay of Bengal… Odisha's coastline along the Bay of Bengal… •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism 🌊 ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଭାଗା ପାହାଡ଼ ଉଦ୍ୟାନ ସୁନ୍ଦର 🌊 Chandrabhaga's sunrise is stunning •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture The Odissi dance form, one of India's… The Odissi dance form, one of India's… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🎭 ଓଡ଼ିଶୀ ନୃତ୍ୟ ଭାରତର ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରୀୟ କଳା 🎭 Odissi is India's classical dance treasure •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Pattachitra, the traditional cloth painting of Raghurajpur, depicts stories from mythology in vivid colours, keeping… Pattachitra, the traditional cloth painting of Raghurajpur, depicts stories from mythology in vivid colours, keeping… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🎨 ରଘୁରାଜପୁର ପଟଚିତ୍ର ଗାଁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🎨 Raghurajpur village is famous for Pattachitra •
ଇତିହାସHistory Kalinga War site: Emperor Ashoka embraced… Emperor Ashoka embraced peace after the… •
ଇତିହାସHistory 🕊️ କଳିଙ୍ଗ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପରେ ଅଶୋକ ଶାନ୍ତି ଆପଣାଇଲେ 🕊️ After Kalinga, Ashoka chose peace •
ଇତିହାସHistory The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near… The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near… •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple 🛕 ଲିଙ୍ଗରାଜ ମନ୍ଦିର ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱରର ଗୌରବ 🛕 Lingaraj Temple is Bhubaneswar's pride •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple Bhubaneswar is known as the 'Temple City of India', home to hundreds of ancient shrines that reflect the finest of… Bhubaneswar is known as the 'Temple City of India', home to hundreds of ancient shrines that reflect the finest of… •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood 🍛 ଦହି ବରା ଆଳୁ ଦମ୍ ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ପ୍ରିୟ ଖାଦ୍ୟ 🍛 Dahi Bara Aloo Dum is a beloved Odia dish •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood Mahaprasad at the Puri temple, cooked in… Mahaprasad at the Puri temple, cooked in… •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood Chhena Poda, the baked cheese dessert from Odisha, is a sweet delight with a caramelised crust cherished across the state. 🍮 Chhena Poda, the baked cheese dessert from Odisha, is a sweet delight with a caramelised crust cherished across the state. 🍮 •
ଖାଦ୍ୟFood 🍬 ଛେନା ପୋଡ଼ା ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ମିଠା ପରିଚୟ 🍬 Chhena Poda is Odisha's signature sweet •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water… Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water… •
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟଟନTourism 🌊 ଚିଲିକା ଏସିଆର ବୃହତ୍ତମ ଲବଣାକ୍ଷ ହ୍ରଦ 🌊 Chilika is Asia's largest brackish lagoon •
ପର୍ବFestival The annual Rath Yatra of Puri, when the… The annual Rath Yatra of Puri, when the… •
ପର୍ବFestival Durga Puja fills Odisha with devotion and joy… Durga Puja fills Odisha with devotion and joy… •
ପର୍ବFestival 🎉 ଆସନ୍ତା କାଳ ପର୍ବର ଆନନ୍ଦ ଛାଇଛି 🎉 The festive season brings joy to Odisha •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Sambalpuri ikat sarees, handwoven with… Sambalpuri ikat sarees, handwoven with… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🧵 ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ ଶାଢ଼ୀ ହସ୍ତତନ୍ତର ଗୌରବ 🧵 Sambalpuri sarees are handloom pride •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture Chhau dance of Odisha, performed with masks and vigorous movements, is recognised on UNESCO's list of intangible… Chhau dance of Odisha, performed with masks and vigorous movements, is recognised on UNESCO's list of intangible… •
ସଂସ୍କୃତିCulture 🥁 ଛଉ ନାଚ ମୁଖା ଓ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ମୁଦ୍ରାରେ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ 🥁 Chhau dazzles with masks and moves •
ମନ୍ଦିରTemple The Jagannath Temple flag atop its towering… The Jagannath Temple flag atop its towering… •
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ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟArchitecture

କଳିଙ୍ଗ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ: ମନ୍ଦିର ନିର୍ମାଣ ଶୈଳୀKalinga Architecture: The Temple-Building Tradition of Odisha

📅 April 12, 2026 | 📖 3 ମିନିଟ୍min read | 📝 477.6 ଶବ୍ଦwords
📋 ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ
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2 min read · 236 words

କଳିଙ୍ଗ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ: ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ମନ୍ଦିର ନିର୍ମାଣ ପରମ୍ପରା

Kalinga Architecture: Odisha’s Ancient Temple-Building Tradition Explained

ଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟର ତିନି ମହାନ ଶୈଳୀ ମଧ���ୟରୁ ଏକ — କଳିଙ୍ଗ ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ — ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ନିଜସ୍ୱ ଦାନ। ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରୁ ତ୍ରୟୋଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହି ପରମ୍ପରା ବିକଶିତ ହୋଇଛି ଏବଂ ଆଜି ମଧ୍ୟ ଜୀବିତ।

ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅଂଶ

କଳିଙ୍ଗ ମନ୍ଦିରର ଦୁଇ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅଂଶ — ଦେଉଳ (ଗର୍ଭଗୃହ-ଶିଖର ସହ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ମନ୍ଦିର) ଏବଂ ଜଗମୋହନ (ପ୍ରବେଶ-ମଣ୍ଡପ)। ବଡ଼ ମନ୍ଦିରରେ ଏଥିସହ ଯୋଡ଼ା ଯାଏ ନାଟ୍ୟମଣ୍ଡପ (ନୃତ୍ୟ-ହଲ) ଓ ଭୋଗମଣ୍ଡପ (ଭୋଗ-ହଲ)। ଶିଖର ଶୈଳୀ ଅନୁସାରେ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର ଦେଉଳ:

  • ରେଖା ଦେଉଳ: ବକ୍ର ରେଖାର ଶିଖର — ଲିଙ୍ଗରାଜ, ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ମନ୍ଦିର ଉଦାହରଣ।
  • ପିଢ଼ା ଦେଉଳ: ସୋପାନକୃତ ଶିଖର — ଜଗମୋହନରେ ସାଧାରଣ।
  • ଖଖରା ଦେଉଳ: ଅଣ୍ଡାକୃତି ଛାତ ଶୈଳୀ — ବୌଦ୍ଧ/ଶାକ୍ତ ଉପାସନା ପୀଠରେ।

ବିକାଶର ସୋପାନ

ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ପରଶୁରାମେଶ୍ୱରଠାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ଦଶମ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ମୁକ୍ତେଶ୍ୱର (ଏହାର ତୋରଣ ଓ ନାଗସ୍ତମ୍ଭ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ — ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ), ଏକାଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ଲିଙ୍ଗରାଜ ଓ ରାଜାରାଣୀ (ରାଜାରାଣୀ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ), ଏବଂ ତ୍ରୟୋଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର କୋଣାର୍କ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ମନ୍ଦିର (ଅଲଗା ଲେଖା) — ଏହି କ୍ରମରେ ଶୈଳୀ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣତା ପାଇଛି। ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱରରେ ମାତ୍ର କିଛି ବର୍ଗକିଲୋମିଟର ଭିତରେ ଶହ ଶହ ମନ୍ଦିର — ତେଣୁ ଏହା “ମନ୍ଦିର ନଗରୀ” (ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ)।

କୌଶଳ

ଖୋଦେଇ ପାଇଁ ସ୍ଥାନୀୟ ଖୋଣ୍ଡାଲାଇଟ୍ ଓ ଲାଟେରାଇଟ୍ ପଥର ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୁଏ; ଶିଳ୍ପୀମାନେ ଖଣ୍ଡ ଖଣ୍ଡ ପଥର ଖୋଦେଇ ପରେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିନା ଗାରରେ ଖପୁରି କରନ୍ତି (dry masonry with iron dowels)।

Kalinga Architecture: Odisha’s Temple-Building Tradition

One of the three great styles of Indian temple architecture, Kalinga flourished in Odisha from roughly the 6th to the 13th century CE and survives in living worship today. Its grammar is so distinctive that a single glance separates an Odia temple from Nagara or Dravida cousins.

Anatomy of a Kalinga temple

The two core units are the deula — the sanctum with its towering spire — and the jagamohana, the assembly hall in front of it. Larger complexes add a natamandapa (dance hall) and bhogamandapa (offering hall), as at Lingaraj and Jagannath Temple, Puri. Three deula sub-styles are recognised:

  • Rekha deula — curvilinear spire over the sanctum (Lingaraj, Jagannath).
  • Pidha deula — pyramidal tiered roof, usual for mandapas.
  • Khakhara deul — barrel-vaulted roof, favoured for Shakta shrines like Vaital Deula, Bhubaneswar.

Evolution in seven centuries

Era Landmark Innovation
c. 650 CE Parashurameshvar Earliest fully-formed Kalinga temple
c. 950 CE Mukteshvar Torana arch, sculptural refinement — “gem of Odisha”
c. 1050–1100 Rajarani, Lingaraj Full pancharatha plan, height ~45–55 m
c. 1250 Konark Sun Temple Chariot form with 24 wheels — apex of the tradition

Bhubaneswar alone conserves hundreds of temples from every phase — the reason it is called the Temple City (our guide). The classic building material is khondalite, a local garnetiferous gneiss, dressed as interlocking blocks in dry masonry pinned with iron dowels and cramps.

References | ଆଧାର

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